Environment of Kuwait

The expropriation procedure in Spain to establish telecommun essays

The expropriation procedure in Spain to establish telecommun essays The liberalization of telecommunications in Spain has resulted in new undertakings in the telecommunications market which need the authorization of the owner of the land to establish their network, for example, buried cables, antennas on the top of the buildings. When there is no agreement between them, the operator must request the Spanish administration to open an urgent expropriation procedure. The structure of this procedure can vary depending on circumstances, but, the general procedure is as follows: first, there is a declaration of public utility; second, a declaration of the occupations necessity; third, the establishment of the indemnification; and fourth, the lands occupation. The expropriation procedure begins when a technical project is submitted by the operator to the Spanish administration justifying the necessity of occupying the land to establish its telecommunications network. This project must meet the technical and legal requirements to obtain a declaration of public utility. Then, the project is examined by technical civil servants to determine in a report whether it suits the technical requirements. Once the report is given by technical officers, it is transferred to legal officers to determine if the project fulfills the legal requirements. Once the Administration finds that the project satisfied the technical and legal requirements, the land to be expropriated is declared of public utility or social interest. The owner of the land is then allowed to formulate objections within a limited period of time. As son as objections have been give, they are examined by the Spanish Administration which arrives at a Resolution declaring or not the necessity of occupation of the land for the specific purpose of establishing the telecommunication network. After the declaration of necessity of occupation, the owner and the operator are required by the Administration to reach an agreement about the pri ...

Any topic relating to Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Any topic relating to Macroeconomics - Essay Example The exchange rates have a close impact on the exports and imports of the country because when people exchange goods across borders they want to be paid in their own currency and hence the need to exchange value and an exchange rate arises. There are certain benefits and certain disadvantages associated with each and every trade system and so does the free floating exchange rate, the free floating exchange rate is the basis of uncertainty in the economy because there are no blockades at any end for the free floating exchange rate to be limited, it fluctuates rapidly and hence the environment for trade and investment is not a very feasible one. Another added disadvantage of this type of this kind of an exchange rate is the element of speculation. The advantage of the exchange rate system is that it balances the balance of payments and the governments do not have to worry in this regard. b)Dirty Floating: dirty floating, as the name implies is managed exchange rate systems, these systems are managed by the central bank of the country and it basically determines boundaries within which to keep the exchange rate value, if the rate crosses the maximum value then the central bank supplies more into the market so that the rate falls down and when it rises exactly the opposite happens. The advantage of having such an exchange rate system is that it adds a lot of certainty to the trading and the investment procedures and cracks down on speculative measures. The disadvantage of this system is basically to the government because it has to take measures to control the whole system and also the added responsibility of the balance of payments falls squarely on to the shoulders of the present government. c) Fixed exchange rates: In this type of exchange rate systems the rate is fixed at one point and the government should be ready to buy and sell as soon as there are any

Primary Drawbacks of Net Present Value as Capital Budgeting Technique Assignment

Primary Drawbacks of Net Present Value as Capital Budgeting Technique - Assignment Example This entire process has multiple loopholes, for instance the uncertainty that is prevailing when it comes to estimating future cash flows of that investment opportunity is high enough to put this technique under scrutiny. Next loophole is regarding the discount rate that is used to reach the present value of a cash flow. Again the accuracy of discount rate used is of critical importance in determining the correct value of the cash flow’s present value. This makes NPV value dependent or sensitive to the value of discount rate and forecasted cash flows. Third loophole that is pretty much evident from the assessment of this tool is that this tool takes into account information that is present at the time of decision making, thus it does not take into account changes in the initial conditions of an investment opportunity. The fourth loophole that can be seen is that this tool is only applicable when projects being assessed are tangible and quantifiable. And in reality firms undert ake certain projects that are aimed at enhancing the brand equity, such projects are out of the scope of NPV (Kent & English, 2011). Question # 2: Comparison of Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return: This tool or technique is another capital budgeting technique. IRR is the discount rate that turns the net present value of forecasted cash flows from an investment opportunity equal to zero. ... A decision regarding a particular investment opportunity that is based on NPV technique will find itself under scrutiny when assessed using IRR technique. While this fact is not true for independent projects where both techniques will yield similar results, but when it comes to mutually exclusive projects (one project or the other) these tools do not yield a consistent result. The reason behind this conflict is that the set of investment opportunity that is being assessed consists of projects that vary in their size and timings of their future cash flows (Helfert, 2004). So it is clear that if a company is deciding between two investment opportunities, it will encounter a problem when it is using NPV and IRR to assess the value of these investment opportunities for the company. In this conflicting situation the company shall have to decide whether it will make its decision based on NPP or IRR (Helfert, 2004). Question # 3: Avenues to raise equity for a Profit Driven Firm: A profit dr iven firm, if assumed to be a corporation, has multiple options at its disposal to raise new equity capital. The first option that it has is to go to its existing shareholder for additional capital. The second option it has is to add more shareholders into the company by offering new share in the primary market. The third option available to a profit driven firm is that it can seek help from a venture capitalist firm; again this will be in exchange for some portion of the company’s equity. The fourth option available to the company is that it asks a bank for a loan in return for interest payments. These mentioned options are most suited to meet the company’s short-term capital requirement

National Response Framework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

National Response Framework - Assignment Example NRF provides guidelines on how a country should respond to any types of disasters and emergencies regardless of the intensities. It’s pegged on flexible, scalable and adaptable concepts identifiable by the national incident management system to align key roles and responsibilities across the nation. Terrorism is a global problem that requires advanced preparedness and management. Terrorism is characterized by mass destruction that include fatal injuries, death and destruction of properties. Terrorist are not afraid of death and they rejoice when they kill as many innocent civilians as possible. In this regard, the best strategy of combating terrorism is prevention strategies as opposed to reactionary strategies. This is why National Response Framework plays a vital role in combating terrorism. Well, terrorists do not operate in a vacuum society. In this regard, there is an extensive intelligence report that there will be a coordinated terrorism plan to use improvised explosives devices (IED) to detonate bombs at major USA city’s sports arena. According to the intelligence source, the attack will occur in Inglewood Sports Arena during the much awaited CA the Forum. The Forum usually attracts comprising at least 10, 000 spectators. The large number is mostly due to high profile people that attend the Forum and economic benefits attached to it. The Forum will occur for 3 days starting on 15th March 2015 and ending at 17th March 2015. The date of the attack is not specific but is believed that since the forum will be 15th and 17th, the attack is likely to occur on either dates. The threat is a well-coordinated activities. According to the intelligence, 3-5 suicide bombers will stage themselves in arena with an aim of detonating the bombs to cause mass panic and evacuat ion of the arena of the forum. The second attack will involve 1-2 large vehicle bombs (LVB) in a parking facility near entertainment complex. On the third attack will involve a series of

Gender Inequality In Educational Sector Of Pakistan Sociology Essay

Gender Inequality In Educational Sector Of Pakistan Sociology Essay Education is considered to be the most valuable possession for every human being today. Gender inequality is more pronounced in Pakistan. Women are disadvantaged with respect to the outcomes of schooling. My literature review incorporates all the questions regarding sex differences and I have mainly focus on the issues that are central to the questions of gender inequality in educational sector. Research remains focused on secondary information. Literature review consists of 10 articles as follow. The introduction to this article( the status of women in Pakistan,1988) written by HAQ, attempts to state that women constitute the majority about 52% of the worlds population, yet many societies discriminate them and Pakistan is one of those. The article mainly discuses that women in the rural areas are made to work as long as 14 to 16 hours without payments. Their status is mainly based on local custom rather than QURANIC verses. In a traditional society women occupy really low status. There is a history of female in the subcontinent that women are expected to function within their frame work before marriage they had to obey their fathers and brothers and after marriage their husbands. Most of the women live in the state of withdrawal deprived of their identity and this is because of the lack of education and Pakistani women are denied due to social prestige and economic activity. The variables that are extracted from this article are local custom and lack of awareness. The author define these variables in such a manner that he focuses on reducing gender disparity, should be the priority of the society and this gender disparity can be reduced by eliminating the traditional practices that are held in a society for example women should have equal participation in the decision making and increase women knowledge on family planning as the article states that average number of live birth is 5.8, maternal mortality is very high at an estimated 500 out of 100,000 births. The article discusses the status of women in Pakistan and due to gender discrimination how they are lacking in education. Educated and independent women are more enthusiastic towards life and are capable of understanding modernized changes rather than illiterate under nutritive dependant women .furthermore the article discuses that gender discrimination is mainly because of the traditional customs they are following especially in the villages. Hypothesis: the status of women in Pakistan should be enhanced or not This article gender inequality in education written by Nelly P.Stromquist in 1990 focuses on womens access to education, both in terms of the decrease in the rate of literacy and in years of schooling attained, the article says that there has been improvement over time. Compared to their mothers and grandmothers, women today have more education than ever before. The enrollment of women in primary and secondary school has improved in the last 30 years, and women have registered a slightly greater rate of growth, as women have increased their average years of schooling. Despite all these fact, women still continue to face lower levels of education than men. Women in the third world countries are considered to be feminine and weak in terms of reward and social prestige. The author states that there are still a sizable number of countries that do not collect statistics by sex, particularly at higher levels of education, indicating thereby that they do not consider the improvement of wome ns education a priority. The rate or level of women participation in educational sector reveals that it is the women from low-income groups and low status, ethnic affiliation who register the lowest levels of education. Above stated are the variables that were extracted from the article: low income group, low ethnic affiliation, rate of dropping out. The author defines the variables in a way he says that most of the gender disparity which is observed across the societies is a result of class difference that fully explains why the gender disparity exists and persists. Furthermore the article discuses that there have been few studies that specifically distinguish inequalities due to gender from those due to class or race. A study by Rosemberg (1985) showed that the discrimination by income was more pronounced than the discrimination by race. There is a difference in the education of different social classes. The particular article is relevant to the topic in such a way it states that the schooling of daughter is not deemed worthwhile in front of the schooling of a son. And another major reason of women lacking in education is of high dropout rates of girls in primary and secondary schools. And this is mainly because of early marriages. Insufficient places in secondary school, co education cost of education and low quality of education of girls. Many of the studies in this category do not ask why it is that womens education is considered less important than that of men or why it is that the education of women is so pervasively linked by social norms to their role as wives and mothers. The methodology that was used in the article was viewing different theories about social inequalities in education, are those that are derived from either the functionalist (or consensual) or the conflict (or neo-Marxist) approaches. Hypothesis: is women education considered less important than men The article class and gender in education-employment linkage written by Hanna Papanek focuses on the impact of global economic and political changes on low income nations. Poor families that depend entirely on returns to labor in order to survive are most likely to require participation in wage labor (or labor exchange arrangements) by all household members, including men, women, and children. Under these circumstances, educational participation becomes very difficult for both male and female, but because males generally have a wider range of earning opportunities, they are more likely preferred than females to be allowed to attend school. On the other hand at class and income levels where families are less dependent on female wage labor, womens education is preferred little bit. Family status has a direct bearing on access to economic and political resources that enhances education facility in women. Another factor that is discussed in this article is the family honor and these are the variables extracted from this article INCOME in terms of FAMILY STATUS. The author defines the variables in such a way that differences among classes are signaled by the extent of control over women which is family honor. In some cases girls may not be permitted to attend middle schools located outside the village because it would injure family honor and compromise marriage over it. In other cases, the attainment of secondary or tertiary education may confer so much prestige on the family that the possible status loss associated with daughters living away from home is offset. Marriage chances may also be enhanced when a daughter is sufficiently educated that she can just read and write her name and which can make her earn minimal amount of living. In Egypt as it is a highly stratified society, formal education for both men and women has long been associated with class and status. Higher education, in particular, has played an important role in the reproduction of the bourgeoisie , although not always in the predicted fashion. In Egypt, not all illiterate women can be presumed to be from poor families; at least some proportion of this group, especially among older women, comes from families that do not permit women contact with the outside world. The overwhelming majority of illiterate or barely literate women, however, are from poor families. The article is base from a comparative regional study in Asia that is now under way and from research in a nearby country (Egypt) that is similar in many respects to the countries included in the regional study. Many of the nations in the ongoing study have large Muslim populations (Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Malaysia) etc. concluding the article female educational participation, especially at higher levels, is a consequence of higher family status rather than a means to upward mobility. Hypothesis: do females have less access to both schooling and employment than males do. This article Muslims, markets, and the meaning of a good education in Pakistan was written by Mattew J. Nelson in (October, 2006) examines the nature of local educational demands in Pakistan and show that parents favor religious education usually for girls. Girls access to education in Pakistan has been restricted. Despite improvements in the last 20 years, underlying factors still make the state education system inefficient and the current male to female literacy ratio is still at 65:40. And this is mainly because people wrongly assume that our religion dont permit girls for normal education. Girls are usually preferred to go to maddrasas which most of the parents in rural areas think is a better and accessible option and more convenient option for them. Furthermore the article describes the market and the meaning of good education in Pakistan. Families of middle class who can afford primary education of girls still prefer sending their girls to religious schools which cost them ver y little and prefer their boys to enjoy all the privilege of higher education because they think that it is in our religion that girls are suppose to stay at home. The variable that was identified from this article is religion (Islam). The author defines the variable in such a way that he himself carried a survey and a Questionnaire in which two type of people were questioned one for whom the local madrasa (Islamic religious school) was most important Secondly parents were selected from a variety of economic circumstance. However the outcome was that out of 112 respondents 91 were in the favor of madras for girls. The article is relevant to the topic in a way that it discusses about the how the choice of religious education for girls is forming a disparity in educational sector of Pakistan. The article mainly discuses the, substantive features of local educational demand and religious demand Hypothesis: is demand in favor of religious education rather than local The article Girls Are Boys Are: Myths, Stereotypes Gender Differences written by Patricia B. Campbell, Ph.D.Jennifer N. Storo in 2006 mainly discuses, how much the gender counts in education the author of this article states that Sex is not a good predictor of academic skills, interests or even emotional characteristics. The author discusses about the different myths that are related to girls for example biologically girls cannot handle the stress of higher education. Due to these myths parents have lower expectations from girls and they become gender biased and the variable that was extracted from this article was MYTHS AND STEREOTYPES. Now author further more discuses why myths persist based on gender and race. The history of myths will explain how author has defined the variable it is a common belief that men are principal producers and bread earners of the family so they should enjoy all the privileges and this is a primary reason why their education was considered more importan t than girls. And it was considered that women are property of husband and her only job is to produce children. Furthermore many of the people use to believe and still many of them do is that women reproductive capacity will destroy if her intellect is going to improve. Which in other words mean that women with better education will not listen to men. For example it was concluded that women in their menstrual cycle if uses their brain lose their mammary functions. This particular article is relevant to the topic in such a way as many of these myths are still believed and practiced in Pakistan when it comes to education specifically. This was both quantitive and qualitative form of research in which graphs, charts and theories were used to measure different type of myths Hypothesis: Is there a biological bias for sex differences The article The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education on Rural Poverty in Pakistan written by Imran shareef chaudray and Saeed ur rahman in 2009. The main purpose of this article was to identify the gender inequality in education on rural poverty in Pakistan. The article basically discuses that gender inequality in education persists in almost all the poor countries and Pakistan is one of those. Strong gender disparities exist in the rural and urban areas of Pakistan. Pakistan is one of those societies in which women suffer all sort of discriminations. There are countless issues of education in Pakistan including low level of investment, cultural constraints, poverty, gender and regional inequalities in budgetary allocation to education, low enrollment rates due to poor condition of public schools, high population growth producing more illiterates and poor, lack of implementation of educational policies. Violence against women, class discrimination, poverty, lack of educational fa cilities, and various parallel education systems in government and private education are the major emerging issues which should be dealt with curriculum reforms and effective educational policies. Above mentioned are all the variables extracted from this article but the major variable that I highlighted is POVERTY. Logit regression analysis on primary data was used to reach the conclusion. However it was concluded that poverty has adverse effects on gender disparity in education. Hypothesis: effect of poverty on education This article DOCUMENT TO DEBATE AND FINALIZE THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY written by JAVED HASAN ALY in December 2006 is intended to stimulate discussion of major policy issues concerning Education Sector in Pakistan. The educational status of women in Pakistan is unacceptably low, in fact, amongst the lowest in the world. Development, only 19% of females have attained education upto Matric, 8% upto Intermediate, 5% Bachelors degree and 1.4% achieved a Masters degree. 60% of the female adult population is illiterate. Of the 3.3 million out of school children, 2.503 million are girls. 73.6% of primary age girls attend school, compared with 92.1% of boys. Although education has been seen to add value to a female worker but in Pakistan for female education is considered as a abuse. Different policies have been recommended to eliminate this gender gap in education but the fund allocation and human resources that were provided by the government to implement the policies. So the variables that were extracted from this article are Low level of financial allocation and inefficient utilization of resources. The author describes the variable in such a way that since 1947 the emphasis on girls education is laid down and many policies and reforms have been made to practice it but due to lack of financial resources Pakistan is still facing gender discrimination in education. The article on whole is relevant to the topic because it is discussing the policies and their effect on educational sector of Pakistan The particular article THE FUTURE OF GIRLS EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN written by Dr. Humala Shaheen Khalid Dr. Eshya Mujahid-Mukhtar: August 2002 discuses that although most children do get admitted to primary schools, but the major problem is their retention in primary classes. Given the poverty, high opportunity costs of children attending school (as sometimes they are required to contribute to the familys economic activities or towards daily household chores such as fetching water, fuel or sibling care), parents low perception about education, poor quality of education, teacher absenteeism and/or childs bad health, a very high proportion of students drops out from primary school. Reasons cited for leaving primary school varied between boys and girls. While most boys left school due to child not willing Most girls said they had to help at home. During the past decade, several policy initiatives were undertaken, each with a strong component for improving girls education in the country. Besides two educational policies, namely, the National Education Policy (1992) and the National Education Policy (1998-2010), the Government of Pakistan launched the Social Action Programmed (SAP) in 1993/94 which focused on improving the social indicators for girls and women. But none of these policies was followed properly so the variable that was extracted from this article was lack of of financial allocation and Lack of encouragement by government and lack of school facilities. The government of Pakistan is lacking way behind in providing educational facilities Great care needs to be exercised while portraying the future of girls education in Pakistan. Female education is subjected to the forces of both demand as well as supply barriers such as poverty, lower status of female in society and her security concerns, coupled with lack of school facilities, teaching materials and inadequacy or absence of female teachers. More importantly, there are strong linkages of the education se ctor with other sectors. The Study is based on secondary sources. National statistical sources have been extensively used which include the Population and Housing Census 1998; the Economic Surveys (various issues) and the reports published by the National (and provincial) Education Management and Information System (NEMIS). The Study also relies heavily on other data sources and relevant research reports issued by the Central Bureau of Education, Academy of Educational Planning and Management (AEPAM) and the Federal Bureau of Statistics (FBS). Hypothesis: future of girls education in Pakistan This article ROLE OF WOMEN IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF PAKISTAN written by Jehan Qamar in 2000 is about the importance of role of women in economic development. And it contains a lot of information about state of women in education and their employment. This article also lays emphasis on political and cultural instability that is affecting the status of women in Pakistan. And this political and cultural instability are also the variables extracted from the article. Furthermore the article discuses that the implication of cultural norms are affecting the education of women a lot different policies made by the Pakistans government were reviewed before writing this article and whether there implication is active or not and how it is affecting the economy. However it was concluded that the role of women in economic development can be enhanced if women provided with proper education Hypothesis: role of women in economic development of Pakistan The article DISTANCE EDUCATION AS A STRATEGY FOR ELIMINATING GENDER DISPARITY IN PAKISTAN written by à ¢Ã‹â€ -Dr. Irshad Hussain in 2008. The article discuses about the role of distance education in addressing the issue of gender disparity in Pakistan The study was descriptive in nature and the researchers adopted survey approach. The study was conducted in Punjab province. The study consisted on three populations: (i). B.A level female students, (ii). their parents and (iii). academicians of Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad. Researchers adopted stratified and convenient sampling technique for collecting data from students their parents and academicians respectively. The samples of the study comprised of 600 students, 60 parents and 60 academicians .The article starts with describing that gender discrimination is one of the major issue in Pakistan at present as we all know that the Pakistani society is male dominated and males enjoy all the privileges where as female population is a very small and neglected community of Pakistan. Unluc kily gender gap is wide and demands immediate attention to address the issue. However distance education is one of the solutions and incentives which provide girls an opportunity to study even in culturally restricted areas. It can cater educational needs of the society at the doorstep on equal basis and frees learners from time and place restrictions. Keeping in consideration the above characteristics Allama Iqbal University is offering different programs through distanced approach. As a result admission rate has increased specially in Allama Iqbal University. Hypothesis: Is distance education effective or not

Grandmother as Head of Household in Katherine Anne Porters The Old Order :: Free Essays

Grandmother as Head of Household in Katherine Anne Porter's The Old Order In her short story, "The Old Order", Katherine Anne Porter's creation of Miss Sophia Jane--The Grandmother-- illustrates the embodiment of patriarchal power within a matriarchal figure. What intrigues me is Porter's reversal of personality traits between the Grandmother and her husband. Porter's depiction of the Grandmother paints her as the undisputed head of house-- she "wears the pants" beneath the many layers of lacy petticoats and heavy skirts. The contrast between the Grandmother and her husband strike me as a reversal of typical gender-assigned personality traits. The Grandmother is "altogether just, humane, proud, and simple", in and of itself, I would attach these traits to a masculine man (not just any man!) (20). In contrast, the terms Porter uses to describe the Grandmother's husband, in and of themselves, are gendered, "hysterical" traits: "lack of aim, failure to act at crises, a philosophic detachment from practical affairs" (21). In the marriage of these antithetical personalities, Porter illuminates the problems faced by a headstrong women stifled by her gender-defined role in life. Atypically, the Grandmother was the head of the household, undeniably the dominant figure-- for virtually everything. Her husband "disliked and feared her deadly willfulness, her certainty that her feelings were not only right, but beyond criticism", and in doing so he loathed the traits that normally sit with a male head of house (21). In doling out her authority, the Grandmother may have been perceived as unwavering, but "her own doubts and hesitations she concealed . . . as a matter of duty" (11). There was no "female" emotionality behind the Grandmother's actions, what was rational was right; the Grandmother's husband took care of any illogical thinking and foolhardy ventures. The Grandmother was undeniably "before her time". While she embodied the persona of a patriarch, she was unable to fully assume her role-- and I'm not talking the male sexual role.

A Comparative Analysis of television channels FIVE and BBC Essay

Television is a powerful media source, bringing stories to billions across the globe. It has been called â€Å"the most awesome God-less force in the modern world† and it is now seen as a major part of everyday life. The average person spends 4 hours a day watching TV – becoming roughly 1/3 of a person’s typical waking hours. Television is a constructed view of reality, sometimes exaggerated extremely, solely to create entertainment. In the UK, there are five major terrestrial television channels, (four organisations) with some being vastly more successful than others. The BBC is the only organisation not to make money from advertising. Their money is generated from the TV Licence fee, and this type of broadcasting is known as Public Service Broadcasting. Channel 5 is perhaps seen as the least successful of the five TV channels, possibly due to the fact that it is the youngest. The channel began in 1995, but it was not able to broadcast nationally as many of the population’s televisions could not receive it. The company offered to retune every TV that couldn’t receive it, before the big launch in 1997. A long advertising campaign was launched, known as â€Å"Give Me Five† in an attempt to draw in viewers. On the 30th March, 1997, Channel 5 was launched at 6pm, attracting an audience of 2. 4 million people, a figure higher than the launch of Channel 4, fifteen years earlier. This new channel neither had the money or reputation to buy and broadcast potentially successful material. Perhaps getting off to a bad start, the main schedule consisted of home and cookery programmes, cheap US exports, and late night pornography. However, Channel 5 did receive praise for its news programming, and soon the ratings became consistently acceptable. The channel gained more money, and was soon able to buy better quality shows, such as Home & Away. In 2002, Channel 5 underwent a major image modification. The name changed from Channel 5 to simply, Five, and progressed itself as a serious rival to the other 4 channels. However, the channel has not been without its flaws. For example, Friends spin-off series, Joey, was bought by Five in 2005. Despite a high-profile launch and ad campaign, the program received poor ratings and was eventually cancelled. Similarly, other shows such as Robot Wars and CD:UK proved to be a flop for the channel. These unsuccessful shows have seemingly increased the channel’s poor reputation. In the channel’s first year of broadcasting, five receives its lowest audience shares of 2. 3%, but this can be expected from a debuting channel. Fifteen years earlier, Channel 4 received even lower audience shares on its opening night, although it could be argued that people watched less television in the 1980s. The audience shares increased, and peaked in 2004. The channel has the lowest audience share of the terrestrial channels, but, in its defence, Five is not received in all of the UK’s homes. Like all of the other terrestrial channels, Five now has â€Å"sister† channels, Five US and Five Life. These two channels are both somewhat successful, but other â€Å"sister† channels, such as ITV2, E4 and BBC Three are proving to be more viewed. Nowadays, Five is able to branch out and buy successful US shows such as Prison Break and House, as well as buying programmes from other channels – in 2008, Five bought Neighbours from the BBC. The BBC was established in the early 1920s, but it was not until 1936 that the channel began its regular television broadcasting as a public service TV channel. However, it was further suspended after WWII began, until 1946 when the permanent service was established. The BBC’s mission was to â€Å"inform, educate and entertain† and is still taken into account today. The BBC broadcasts a wide variety of programmes on both of its channels, BBC1 and BBC2. The BBC’s major programme is EastEnders, the popular primetime soap. On a weekly basis, the soap receives the highest rating of all terrestrial shows, with only the ITV1 soap, Coronation Street, (and occasionally reality shows such as The X Factor and Dancing On Ice) playing as its rival. Other BBC shows, such as Top Gear, Doctor Who and Little Britain have all been a success throughout the last decade, further improving the channels ratings and reputation. In an attempt to branch out and widen its audience, the BBC has recently made some unlikely purchases. In 2007, the channel brought the successful US show Heroes to BBC2. The show quickly became a phenomenon, and is different from what would usually be broadcast on BBC2. The BBC continues to dominate terrestrial TV, by finding ways to bring in more viewers. The programmes vary from food, to lifestyle, to documentary, to political. The BBC is now contending with ITV in the reality market, as it now features shows looking for new west-end stars, and the ever popular series, Strictly Come Dancing. BBC1 receives the highest audience share of the 5 channels, with an average of 26%. It is seen as the â€Å"main† channel, and regularly receives high ratings. This major organisation has the money to do whatever it pleases, and this has shown over the last decade. The BBC now has 8 channels – BBC1, BBC2, BBC Three, BBC Four, BBC News 24, BBC Parliament, CBBC and CBeebies. These 8 channels prove to cater for everyone. BBC Three is the most popular of the sister channels, frequently receiving new material such as Lily Allen and Friends and Gavin & Stacey. The channel is a â€Å"lighter† version of BBC1, with a more comedic element. The BBC now broadcasts internationally. A new channel, BBC America, was launched in 1998, and has carried programming from the BBC to the USA, such as Torchwood and The Graham Norton Show. BBC America is part of two international channels, the other being BBC World. A recent feature of the BBC, BBC iPlayer, has recently been introduced. It has become an on-demand online video player, with unlimited access to BBC shows. The iPlayer is proving extremely popular, with more than 3. 5 million programmes downloaded in its opening week. However, despite the BBC being a major empire, the company relies on the licence fee. It is the only channel not to rely on income through advertising. The core belief of public service television is that it is free from the pressures of commercial TV, and, as its income is guaranteed, public service TV is freer to explore. But this does not mean it can become complacent. High audience shares are still needed because, if they were to fall, the licence fee would be in serious jeopardy. For years, there has been a debate as to whether public service broadcasting should continue. Naturally, the BBC wishes for it to continue, whereas others disagree. The BBC has very little to do to secure its funding, whereas the commercial companies have to work to get their income. The opponents of public service television argue that it is simply another form of taxation. With the arrival and expansion of satellite and cable, some people have no interest in the public service channels. For the BBC, public service broadcasting means that certain pressures are put upon them, but their income is fixed. The BBC could be said to have better quality shows due to them receiving â€Å"easy† money, and it also means that their programmes can be longer, due to the fact that they don’t have to make time for advertising. However, for Channel 5, public service television means that there are no pressures. The channel can show what they want (within reason) but their income is variable. Unsurprisingly, the commercial channels are against the licence fee, as it seems unfair. It seems as if the media are in constant debate over whether the licence fee should continue, as many people pay considerable sums for services in which they have no interest in.

Filing a Follow to Join Application (Form I-824)

Filing a Follow to Join Application (Form I-824) The United States allows the spouses and children of U.S. green card holders also to get green cards and permanent residency in the United States, using a document known as Form I-824. It is more popularly known as the â€Å"Follow to Join† process, and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services says it is a more expedited way of coming to the country than processes that were in place years ago. Follow to Join allows families who may not be able to travel together to reunite in the United States. Since the early days of the republic, Americans have demonstrated a willingness to keep immigrant families together, as much as possible. Technically, Form I-824 is called an Application for Action on an Approved Application or Petition. Form I-824 can be a powerful tool for promoting family reunification. Some important things to keep in mind: It is extremely important that you submit all required initial evidence with all the supporting documentation with your application at the time of filing. USCIS has strict requirements about what evidence you will need to provide.Follow to Join is only valid if the principal applicant has established permanent residency in the United States through employment, family-preference, the Green Card lottery or through a K or V visa.Follow to Join does not require a separate immigrant petition and does not require the applicant to wait for a visa to become available.You dont need to file Form I-130 to take advantage of the Follow to Join process.The principal applicant must not be a U.S. citizen. Thats a different process. If the principal applicant has become a naturalized citizen, then he or she can file a separate visa petition to bring family members here.The Follow to Join process is only available to children who are under the age of 21 and unmarried. Children over the age of 21 or ma rried children can immigrate to the United States if a parent becomes a naturalized U.S. citizen. There are provisions in U.S. immigration law for allowing stepchildren and adopted children to participate in Follow to Join. People who have gotten permanent residency through the Immediate Relative R category are not eligible for Follow to Join but can petition for visas for their spouses or children by filing Form I-130. Some Documents You Are Likely To Need Some examples of the evidence (documentation) that is typically required include certified copies of the childrens birth certificates, a copy of the marriage certificate and passport information. All documents have to be verifiable. Once the petition is approved by USCIS, the petitioners children or spouse must appear at a U.S. consulate for an interview. The filing fee for the Follow to Join application is $405. The check or money order must be drawn on a bank or financial institution located in the United States. According to USCIS, â€Å"Once Form I-824 has been accepted, it will be checked for completeness, including submission of the required initial evidence. If you do not completely fill out the form or file it without required initial evidence, you will not establish a basis for eligibility, and we may deny your Form I-824.† Further, USCIS says: â€Å"If you are in the United States and have not yet filed to adjust your status to permanent resident, you can file Form I-824 for your child overseas with your Form I-485. When concurrently filing Form I-824, it does not require any supporting documentation.† As you can see, this can get complicated. You may want to consult with a qualified immigration attorney to make sure your petition is approved without excessive delays. Government immigration officials warn immigrants to be careful of scammers and disreputable service providers. Beware of promises that seem too good to be true – because they almost always are. Applicants can check the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website for current contact information and hours.

Samsung Galaxy SIII Product Features

Samsung Galaxy SIII Product Features Over the last two decades, almost everyone in the world has acquired a mobile phone. One of the leading mobile phone manufacturers in the world is Samsung (Schwartz, 2012). The company came up with their galaxy series a few years back with the Samsung Galaxy SIII being launched a few months ago. The previous version, Samsung Galaxy SII, is still being held by many Samsung enthusiasts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung Galaxy SIII Product Features specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The phone has one of the best hardware as well as software designs in as far as the smart phone market is concerned. The phone is quite light as it weighs only 116 grams, and this is complemented by the fact that it is quite slim at just 8.5mm. This, compared to its competitors such as the iPhone 4s and the Sony Ericson Experia arc, makes it the slimmest phone ever made. The phone has a 4.3 inch screen, which ensures that the user gets an impressive video and visibility experience especially when reading. The screen has an excellent touch capability that ensures quick response and defined navigation. The fact that it has a Super-AMOLED screen means that it has a better power saving capability than its previous predecessors even with its huge size (Gralla, 2011). The manufacturers of the phone sought to provide the user with a real life experience by providing a resolution of approximately 480 x 800 pixels. The phone’s battery has a standby time of approximately 710 hours, which is more than some of its competitors such as the iPhone 4s, which maxes out at 300 hours. The phone comes with a dual-core processor, which is complemented by 1 GB of RAM. This makes it quite powerful to a point where there may not be enough phone operations to utilize its speeds fully. The phone comes in two options of 32 GB internal memory and 16 GB. This is complemented by a memory slot that accommodates up to 32 GB of memory (Sch wartz, 2012). It also comes with an eight megapixel camera, which makes the user’s experience even more magical. This, coupled with its graphics capability, ensures that the user is able to enjoy high quality photos as well as personal videos. While its inbuilt sound may be wanting, the phone comes with impressive earphones that ensure quality sound especially when listening to music. The phone has a micro-USB slot and a data cable (Gralla, 2011). This makes it easier to transfer data to and from the phone. Even though the phone looks quite delicate, it is quite resistant to damage under the normal confines of phone usage.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The phone runs on an android operating system preferably Gingerbread 2.3.3 with options of upgrades. This supports hundreds of thousands of applications, which go farther to maximize the users experience wit h the phone (Roebuck, 2011). It also supports multi touch where one can use pinch zoom to view a number of screens at the same time. The phone is gravity sensitive, which applies when changing the viewing format as well as when receiving calls and listening to music. It also comes with voice recognition, which applies when searching through documents and contacts. It supports voice command as well as voice talk, which allows one to engage directly with the phone and increase his or her experience (Roebuck, 2011). The phone may not be identified as one of the cheap alternatives in the market, but its steep price is worth once one gets a feel of it. References Gralla, P. (2011). Galaxy S II: The Missing Manual. New York: OReilly Media, Inc. Roebuck, K. (2011). Android: High-Impact Strategies What You Need to Know: Definitions, Adoptions, Impact, Benefits, Maturity, Vendors. London: Emereo Pty Limited. Schwartz, S. (2012). My Samsung Galaxy S III. New York: Pearson Education.

Securitization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Securitization - Assignment Example Banks, intermediaries and other financial institutions are not in a position to cope with the situation. So there is a window of opportunity in mortgage funding (Comptroller, 1997, p 02). In order to attract investors, bankers initially develop the investment vehicle that isolated defined mortgage pools, segmented the credit risk, and structured the cash flows from the underlying loans. Although it took several years to develop an efficient mortgage structure. In the early 1980s, the current shape of securitization was introduced into capital markets in which payments were pooled and used as collateral for securities issues. U.S government played a very pivotal role by creating agencies whose work is to ensure the securities, payment and interest (Comptroller, 1997, p 02). In the late 1980s, companies such as Citibank, General Motors Acceptance Corporation, Marine Midland Bank, Chrysler Corporation, and Ford Motor Company entered into the securitization market and raise billions of d ollars through off-balance-sheet financing and in years to come, new issuance of consumer asset-backed securities averaged about $50 billion annually. Securitization works in manner that seller provides goods or services to its valued customer in manner that payment is to be received in later days so he/she creates an asset then this pool of asset is sold to SPV (issuer) in order to acquire the particular asset and issuing a debt instrument to investor. Now this debt instrument is traded in secondary market in order to attract different rating agencies (Comptroller, 1997, p 06). This approach is quite fruitful for the seller because highly-rated debt instruments attract the finest prices. In addition, the credit rating of the debt instrument is very much dependent on the quality of assets that are securitized with in the pool. Investment banker provides protection, if there

Movie Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Movie Analysis - Research Paper Example The second boss that is Dr. Julia Harris played by Jennifer Aniston lacks openness in the sense that she is often shown as resorting to a traditional top down approach towards leadership with her assistant Dale. Julia, like Dave is also an in-conscientious in the sense that she does not hesitate from blackmailing Dale to clinch sexual favors. The third boss that is Bobby is a cocaine addict and an immoral son of Kurt’s late boss Jack. Bobby turns out to be an incompetent leader who though being in charge simply has no idea as of what one is supposed to do. Bobby is shown to be pathetically, emotionally unstable. In his self inflicted delusionary approach towards reality, Bobby considers himself to be a gift to women, intellect, and humor and to the life in general. In reality he is a huge disappointment to his late father and vehemently envious of Jack’s relationship with Kurt. The movie is a moving depiction of as to how big five personality dimensions give way to personalities with varied behavior patterns. In that context, the article Attraction to Employment Advertisements: Advertisement Wording and Personality Characteristics by Stevens and Szmerekovsky does stress the tendency of the employees to gravitate to such jobs as are in consonance with their personality dimensions (2010). This study demonstrated that individuals with a conscientious personality were more attracted towards employment advertisements which stressed conscientiousness. Similarly, individuals with an open mindset were found to have a predilection for employment advertisements that laid stress on openness as an essential job requirement. In the context of the movie, the three employees, Nick, Dale and Kurt unluckily found themselves in a work environment that was starkly contrary to their set of personality dimensions, thereby pushing them to try to eliminate their bosses. One other article, Personality and